A Battery Energy Storage System(BESS) makamaka imakhala ndi mabatire (osungira mphamvu), makina osinthira mphamvu (PCS kapena DC / DC converters), woyang'anira m'deralo, gawo logawa mphamvu, malo osungiramo zinthu, ndi zipangizo zina zothandizira monga kutentha ndi chitetezo cha moto. Pansi pa utsogoleri wogwirizana wa woyang'anira m'deralo, BESS imagwira ntchito paokha kapena imalandira malangizo kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu zakunja (EMS) kuti ipange ndondomeko ya mphamvu ndi kulamulira mphamvu, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yotetezeka komanso yogwira ntchito bwino. Zomangamanga za BESS zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.
Batire ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasunga mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito ma chemical reaction. Imasintha mphamvu zamakhemikhali kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu electrode oxidation-kuchepetsa mayamwidwe pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimagwira mkati mwa kabati ya batri, ndikutulutsa magetsi kupita kudera lakunja monga ma voltage/current. Poyerekeza ndi-mabatire osachatsidwanso, mabatire achiwiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu amatha kulipiritsa ndikutulutsidwa. Izi makamaka zimakhala ndi mabatire a lead-acid, mabatire a lithiamu-ion, vanadium, ndi mabatire a sodium{7}}sulfur. Chifukwa kuyitanitsa ndi kukhetsa batire kumakhala kachitidwe ka electrochemical, nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi zochitika monga kutentha, crystallization, ndi kusintha kwa gasi, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa batri, mphamvu zake, ndi chitetezo. Komanso, kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungira mphamvu, mabatire a BESS amakhala ndi -ma cell a batire olumikizidwa. Chifukwa chake, tikaona zachitetezo, makamaka mabatire a lithiamu-ayoni, omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuphulika akamadzatcha mochulukira kwambiri kapena akamatentha kwambiri{13}}nthawi yotentha kwambiri, Battery Management System (BMS) imakhala yofunika kwambiri pa BESS. BMS imayang'anira bwino, imateteza, kulinganiza mphamvu, ndikupereka ma alamu olakwika kwa ma cell a batri ndi magulu a batri, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wa batri yosungira mphamvu.
A PCS (Power Conversion System) ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi pakati pa batri ndi gridi yamagetsi kapena katundu wamagetsi. Ngakhale mtengo wa PCS wakhala ukutsika mosalekeza popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, makamaka zimatsimikizira mtundu wa mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wonse wosungira mphamvu. Mogwirizana ndi BMS (Battery Management System), imakhudzanso moyo wa batri ndi chitetezo.
Woyang'anira m'deralo, kudzera mukulankhulana, kuzindikira kwa sensa, ndi kuyang'anira ma node, amakwaniritsa chidziwitso cha momwe mphamvu yonse yosungiramo mphamvu ikugwirira ntchito, kuwongolera momveka bwino, kugwirizanitsa ntchito za zipangizo zazikulu ndi zothandizira, ndi kukonza zolakwika, potero kumapangitsa kuti BESS ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso yopezeka. Ntchito za woyang'anira m'deralo ndi zosinthika ndipo kukula kwake kumatha kukulirakulira malinga ndi polojekiti. Mwachitsanzo, mu makina osavuta komanso ang'onoang'ono, -woyang'anira m'deralo akhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu zake ku zipangizo za photovoltaic, ma seti a jenereta a dizilo, ndi ma switch a AC. Pamalo opangira magetsi okulirapo omwe ali ndi machitidwe angapo osungira mphamvu, olamulira am'deralo angapo amatha kugwira ntchito mopanda malire kuti amalize ntchito zovuta. Wolamulira wa m'deralo-wam'mwamba ndiye amatsogolera-kulumikizana koyimitsa ndi kugawa mphamvu pakati pa makina osungira mphamvu, pamene olamulira apansi{7}}wa m'deralo makamaka amayang'anira ntchito yoyenera mkati mwa makina awo osungira mphamvu.
Ma module opangiratu, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati chonyamulira komanso nsanja yosungiramo mphamvu, amawonetsetsa kusinthika kwa makina osungira mphamvu kumadera osiyanasiyana ovuta, okhala ndi ntchito monga kutsekereza madzi, kutsekemera kwamafuta, kukana moto, kukana kugwedezeka, ndi chitetezo chamagetsi. Ponena za mawonekedwe apangidwe, kusankha nthawi zambiri kumadalira momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito za malo a polojekiti, ndi zosankha kuphatikizapo nyumba zokhazikika, zotengera, kapena makabati akunja. Nyumba zokhazikika zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yomanga komanso ndalama zambiri; pomwe zotengera ndi makabati akunja ali ndi zabwino zina potengera mtengo wopangira ndi zoyendera. Choncho, m'mapulojekiti amakono, makina osungira magetsi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakati ({3}}osachepera 1 MWh), omwe amafunikira maonekedwe owoneka bwino, amagwiritsa ntchito makabati akunja;
Ngakhale makina akuluakulu, omwe amafunikira milingo yayikulu yachitetezo komanso mphamvu zamapangidwe, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri. Kutengera zotengera mwachitsanzo, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi, thupi la chidebecho liyenera kupangidwa ndi mphamvu zokwanira kutengera kusanthula kwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwamphamvu, ndipo chidebecho chitha kusinthidwa ndi matabwa owonjezera ngati kuli kofunikira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zida zothandizira monga zizindikiro zothawa ndi maloko othawa ziyenera kuikidwa pa chidebecho mogwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera.
Zida zina zothandizira zimaphatikizapo mabasi a mabasi ndi makabati otetezera (BCP), makabati olamulira ndi kugawa, ndi makabati owunikira (posankha). M'mapulojekiti ena a microgrid, zida zosinthidwa makonda monga switchgear zitha kukhazikitsidwanso pa mawonekedwe a AC ndikuyendetsedwa ndi wowongolera wakomweko, motero kukhala gawo la BESS.