Pano pali chinachake chomwe chimasunga okonza mphamvu usiku: chimachitika ndi chiyani mphepo ikasiya kuwomba ndipo dzuŵa likuloŵa, koma aliyense akulipiritsabe magalimoto awo amagetsi ndi kuyendetsa mpweya wawo? Silinso vuto longoyerekeza. Pamene mayiko akukankhira mwamphamvu ku mphamvu zongowonjezwwdzwdwdwdwd akufunafuna, tikuthamangira ku zenizeni zomwe ziri zodziwikiratu komanso zodabwitsa modabwitsa-mphamvu yamphepo ndi yoyendera dzuwa zimakhala zabwino kwambiri zikamagwira ntchito, koma zimakhala zosagwirizana modabwitsa mukamazifuna.
Yankho lalifupi loti ngati malo osungira magetsi ambiri atha kuthana ndi kufunika kwake ndi: inde mwaukadaulo, koma sitinakonzekerebe. Ndipo njira yopitira kumeneko ndi yovuta kuposa momwe zikalata zambiri zamalamulo zimafuna kuvomereza.
Chifukwa Chake Izi Ndi Zofunika Kwambiri Kuposa Mukuganiza
Anthu ambiri amamvetsetsa kuti mapanelo adzuwa sagwira ntchito usiku. Chomwe sichidziwika bwino ndi momwe kusinthika kumakhalira. Ndikunena za masabata-nthawi zina miyezi-pomwe kutulutsa mphepo m'dziko lonselo kumatha kutsika pang'ono pang'ono. Nyengo sizimasamala za mphamvu zathu, ndipo mbiri yakale ikuwonetsa zowona zosasangalatsa za nthawi yayitali bwanji.
Mkhalidwe wa Britain ukusonyeza bwino zimenezi. Adzipereka kuti apeze ziro pofika chaka cha 2050, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma turbine amphepo ndi minda yoyendera dzuwa. Koma ngakhale mutapanga mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kuti muthe kulamulira dziko kawiri kawiri, mungakhalebe ndi nthawi zomwe mbadwo umasowa. Kusiyanakonso sikochepa. Tikukamba za kufunika kosunga mphamvu pamasikelo omwe amacheperapo chilichonse chomwe chikugwira ntchito pano-pafupifupi kuwirikiza ka 1,000 kuposa zomwe malo onse opangira madzi a ku Britain angapereke pamodzi. Kumeneko si typo.
Ndiye Zosankha Zotani Zosungirako Mphamvu Zazikulu Zazikulu?
Apa ndi pamene zinthu zimakhala zosangalatsa, chifukwa palibe njira imodzi yamatsenga. Ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wosungira umapambana pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zomwe zimagwira ntchito posungira mphamvu kwa maola angapo sizikuwoneka ngati zomwe mumafunikira pakusungirako nyengo.
Mabatirepezani mitu yonse, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka-zikuyenda bwino mwachangu ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino pakusunga kwakanthawi-kwakanthawi kochepa. Koma nazi: mabatire ndi okwera mtengo mukawakulitsa kuti musunge magetsi amtundu wamasiku kapena masabata. Zachuma sizikugwirabe ntchito posungira mphamvu zazikulu kupitilira mwina 4-maola 6 osungira. Ndiabwino kusalaza mabampu, ocheperako pakuwongolera mphepo yotsika kwa milungu iwiri.
Kupopa kwa hydrondi akale odalirika-pampopi madzi okwera mukakhala ndi magetsi ochulukirapo, alole kuti abwerenso kudzera pama turbines mukafuna mphamvu. Zimagwira ntchito, zatsimikiziridwa, ndipo ndizothandiza kwambiri. Vutolo? Geography. Mufunika malo oyenera okhala ndi malo osungiramo madzi abwino, ndipo malo ambiri abwino atengedwa kale. Kupanga mapulojekiti atsopano a hydro pumped kumayenderana ndi zopinga zamitundu yonse komanso zopinga zakukonzekera.
Kusungirako mpweya wothinikizidwazimamveka mwanzeru-gwiritsani ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo popanikiza mpweya kulowa m'mapanga apansi panthaka, ndikuumasula kuti muyendetse ma turbines pambuyo pake. Koma sizimachotsedwa kwenikweni mwamalonda. Kuyenda-koyenda bwino sikukhala kopambana, ndipo mumafunika mipangidwe yodziwika bwino.
Ndiye palihydrogen yosungirako, zomwe zitha kumveka zachilendo koma mwina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri pakanthawi yayitali. Lingaliro ndi lolunjika mokwanira: gwiritsani ntchito magetsi owonjezera ongowonjezedwanso kuti mugawanitse madzi kukhala haidrojeni ndi mpweya kudzera mu electrolysis. Sungani haidrojeni, kenaka muwotche m'mafakitale opangira magetsi kapena muthamangitse m'maselo amafuta mukafunanso magetsi.
Chifukwa Chake Hydrogen Imapitilira Kubwera Pazokambirana Izi
Chinthu chokhudza kusungidwa kwa haidrojeni chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chiwonekere ndichosachita bwino-ndichopanda mphamvu poyerekeza ndi mabatire, kutaya mwina 60-70% ya mphamvu paulendo wobwerera. Koma kuchita bwino si zonse. Chofunikira pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu ndi mtengo pagawo lililonse la mphamvu yosungira, ndipo apa ndipamene haidrojeni m'mapanga amchere amakhala okakamiza.
Mapanga amchere ndi odabwitsa pachifukwa ichi. Mukhoza kuthetsa-zofukufukuzo (makasungunula mcherewo ndi madzi), ndipo zimakhala zosindikizidwa komanso zokhazikika. Chofunika kwambiri, iwo ndi aakulu. Phanga limodzi limatha kusunga haidrojeni wokwanira kupanga gigawati-maola amagetsi. Ndipo malo ngati Britain-pamodzi ndi mayiko ena ambiri{7}}ali ndi mchere wochuluka pansi pa nthaka womwe ungathe kusungira kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe tikukambawu.
Economics imagwiranso ntchito mosiyana. Ndi mabatire, ndalama zanu zimakwera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa-kuwirikiza kosungirako, mtengo wake wowirikiza kawiri. Ndi haidrojeni m'mapanga amchere, gawo lokwera mtengo ndi zida za electrolysis ndi ma cell amafuta (kapena magetsi) posinthira kumagetsi. Zosungirako zokha? Zotsika mtengo pagawo lililonse mukangofukula mphanga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kusunga mphamvu zambiri zomwe zingakhalepo kwa miyezi ingapo musanazifune.
Vuto la Nthawi Palibe Amene Amakonda Kulankhula
Apa ndipamene zilakolako za ndondomeko zimagwera mu zenizeni zenizeni: kumanga maziko awa kumatenga nthawi. Nthawi zambiri. Njira yothetsera migodi yamchere sizinthu zomwe mumachita kumapeto kwa sabata. Tikulankhula zaka za mphanga imodzi, ndipo mukufuna ambiri a iwo. Ma hydrogen electrolysis, mapaipi, zida zopangira magetsi-zonsezi zimafuna osati ndalama zokha komanso nthawi yomanga yowonjezereka.
Ngati UK (kapena dziko lililonse) ikufuna kuti mphamvu zazikulu zosungirako zikhale zokonzeka nthawi yomwe angafunikire, ntchito yomanga iyenera kuyamba mocheperapo pano. Osati zaka zisanu pambuyo pa kafukufuku wina wotheka, koma tsopano. Kusiyana pakati pa "tiyenera kuganiza za izi" ndi "tikufunika kwambiri izi" kumatseka mwachangu kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira.
Kodi Imatha Kukwaniritsa Zofunikira Ngakhale?
Kubwereranso ku funso loyambirira: makina akuluakulu osungira mphamvu amatha kuthana ndi kufunikira, koma pokhapokha ngati tipanga zokwanira panthawi yake ndikusakaniza matekinoloje osiyanasiyana moyenera. Mukufuna mabatire kwa ola-mpaka{2}}kusinthasintha kwa ola, mwina madzi opopera ngati alipo, ndi kusungirako kwakukulu kwa haidrojeni kwa nthawi yayitali yocheperako yowonjezedwanso.
Vuto lenileni siukadaulo-ndi kufunitsitsa ndi ndalama. Machitidwe omwe timafunikira ndi otheka mwaukadaulo koma amafunikira kudzipereka ndikugwiritsa ntchito pano kuti apindule ndi anthu ambiri. Zomangamanga za haidrojeni sizipanga zofalitsa zosangalatsa monga famu yatsopano yoyendera dzuwa, ngakhale ndiyofunikira.
Palinso mafunso okhudza momwe mumapangira njira zamsika zomwe zimalimbikitsa malo osungira omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda ntchito. Misika yamagetsi yachikhalidwe sinapangidwe kuti izikhala yosinthasintha. Wina amayenera kulipira pomanga ndi kusunga malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri ngakhale pazaka zomwe nyengo ili yabwino ndipo simumazigwiritsa ntchito.
Zomwe Ziyenera Kuchitika
Kuti malo osungira magetsi azitha kuthana ndi zofunikira pamene tikusintha kupita ku zongowonjezera, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kugwirizanitsa. Kayendetsedwe ka ndalama kamayenera kuzindikira kufunikira kwa malo osungira omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri koma ofunikira kwambiri-monga inshuwaransi yomwe mukukhulupirira kuti simudzadzitengera. Zilolezo zokonzekera ndi kuwunika kwa chilengedwe ziyenera kuyenda mwachangu popanda kusiya kuyang'anira koyenera. Ndipo moona mtima, anthu ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti "tsogolo lamphamvu lamphamvu" limaphatikizapo zida zambiri zomwe sizokongola koma ndizofunikira kwambiri.
M'malo mwake sizosangalatsa. Popanda kusungirako mphamvu zazikulu zokwanira, mumasiyidwa ndi mafuta osungira zinthu zakale, zomwe zimalepheretsa cholingacho, kapena kuvomereza kuzimitsidwa kwanthawi ndi nthawi pomwe zongowonjezera sizingakwaniritse zofunikira, zomwe palibe amene akufuna. Kapena mumakulitsa mochulukira mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso mpaka pomwe simukumana ndi zoperewera nthawi zambiri-koma izi zimawononga chuma komanso zimafuna nthaka-yambiri.
Kusungirako si nkhani yogonana kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya mphamvu, koma ikhoza kukhala yofunika kwambiri yomwe sitikusamala mokwanira. Kaya malo osungira magetsi ochulukirapo atha kuthana ndi kufunika kwake kumadalira luso laukadaulo komanso ngati tili okonzeka kumanga pamlingo wofunikira tisanafune. Ndipo zenera limenelo likutseka mofulumira kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira.