Yankho lalifupi: inde, mwamtheradi. Koma si gawo losangalatsa.
Funso lenileni silirikayamakina osungira mphamvu ali ndi zosankha-ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri amaganizabe kuti alibe. Yendani pazokambirana zambiri zokhuza kusungirako mphamvu ndipo mudzamva "batri" ikuponyedwa mozungulira ngati ndi masewera okhawo mtawuni. Si. Osati ngakhale pafupi.
Mabatire Amapeza Chidwi Zonse (Pazifukwa Zabwino, Zambiri)
Taonani, sindidzayesa ngati mabatire ndi osafunikira. Iwo amalamulira msika. Lithium-ion makamaka yakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi{3}}imapezeka paliponse kuchokera pa foni yanu kupita kuzinthu zofunikira-kuyika maekala angapo. Tekinolojeyi idakula mwachangu kuposa momwe aliyense adaneneratu mu 2010.
Koma apa ndi pamene zimakhala zosangalatsa.
Lithium-ion si chinthu chimodzi. Ndi banja. Muli ndi lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP), yomwe imagulitsa mphamvu zochulukirapo kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta. Pali NMC (nickel manganese cobalt), yomwe imanyamula nkhonya zambiri pa kilogalamu koma imawononga ndalama zambiri ndikuwonjezera nkhawa zamtundu wa cobalt. Ndiye pali NCA, LTO... mawu achidule akuwunjikana.
Okhazikitsa ambiri sangayendetse zonsezi. Ali ndi ogulitsa omwe amakonda ndipo ndi zomwe mudzatchulidwe.
Mabatire Oyenda: Msuweni Wodabwitsa
Mabatire oyenda amagwira ntchito mosiyana kwambiri. M'malo mwa maelekitirodi olimba, muli ndi matanki awiri a electrolyte amadzimadzi omwe amapopa kudutsa nembanemba. Zikumveka zovuta chifukwa ziri.
Ubwino wake? Kutalika. Makina a lithiamu-ion akhoza kukupatsani maola 2-4 mwachuma. Mabatire akuyenda amatha kufikira maola 8, 10, ngakhale 12+ maola osakwera mtengo wake monga momwe amachitira ndi mabatire wamba. Pamapulogalamu omwe muyenera kusunga dzuwa Lachiwiri Lachitatu madzulo, izi ndizofunikira.
Choyipa ndi chopondapo. Machitidwe awa ndi aakulu. Zolemera. Osati china chomwe mukuyika pa khoma la garaja yanu.
Mabatire otuluka a Vanadium redox akhalapo kuyambira m'ma 1980 (inde, kwenikweni) koma kutheka kwamalonda kudabwera posachedwa. Iron-air chemistry ndi yaposachedwa kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo, ngakhale oweruza akadali pa ntchito yeniyeni-padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupitilira Mabatire Konse: Kusungirako Matenthedwe ndi Kusungirako Makina
Apa ndi pomwe zolemba zambiri zimayima. "Mabatire ali ndi zosankha, kutentha kulipo, kutha."
Umenewo ndi waulesi.
Makina otenthetsera samasunga magetsi-amasunga kutentha kapena kuzizira. Izi zikumveka ngati malire mpaka mutazindikira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe timawononga pa HVAC. M'nyumba zamalonda, kutentha ndi kuzizira kumatha kuwerengera 40% yamagetsi. Nthawi zina zambiri.
Kusungirako ayezi ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri. Kwenikweni: amaundana madzi usiku pamene magetsi ali otsika, asungunuke masana kuti azizizira. Fiziki ndi yolunjika. Uinjiniya ndi wokhwima. Economics imagwira ntchito mumayendedwe oyenera.
Mchere wosungunula umakambidwa nthawi zonse pokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, koma kutumizidwa kumakhalabe kochepa. Kutentha komwe kumakhudzidwa (tikunena 500 digiri +) kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zomwe akatswiri opanga ma lithiamu{3}}amayenera kuziganizira.
Njira zamadzi ozizira ziliponso. Zochepa kwambiri, zothandiza kwambiri, zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala ndi malo opangira deta omwe sangakwanitse kusokoneza HVAC.
Kusungirako Makina
Pumped hydro ndiye mdzukulu wa grid yosungirako. Imawerengera 90% ya mphamvu zosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Osati mabatire. Kupopa kwa hydro. Izi sizimatchulidwa mokwanira.
Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta: kupopera madzi kumtunda mukakhala ndi magetsi ochulukirapo, mulole kuti abwererenso kudzera m'ma turbines mukafuna mphamvu. Kuchita bwino kumayenda mozungulira 70-85%, zomwe sizowoneka bwino koma sizoyipanso.
Vuto ndi geography. Mufunika kusiyana kokwera. Muyenera madzi. Mufunika zilolezo (zamwayi). Mapulojekiti atsopano opopera madzi amatenga zaka zambiri kuti apangidwe ndikukumana ndi chitsutso chachikulu m'madera ambiri.
Flywheels amakhala ndi niche yosiyana kwathunthu. Imafulumira-nthawi zoyankha za millisecond{2}}koma ndi nthawi yochepa, nthawi zambiri zosachepera mphindi 15. Zothandiza pakuwongolera pafupipafupi komanso mtundu wamagetsi, ndizosathandiza pakusintha kapangidwe kadzuwa kuyambira masana mpaka madzulo.
Kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsi (CAES) kwakhalapo kuyambira 1970s. Malo awiri akuluakulu alipo padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zimakuuzani zina za zovuta zamalonda.
Zomwe Palibe Amene Amayankhula
haidrojeni.
Dikirani, bwererani.
Ndikudziwa. Hydrogen yakhala "tsogolo" kwazaka zambiri popanda kukhala pano. Koma monga chosungira mphamvu-makamaka posungirako nyengo-palibe china chomwe chimayandikira kuchulukira kwa mphamvu ndi kutalika kwa nthawi.
Kuwonongeka kwachangu ndi koopsa. Itanitsani madzi ndi electrolyte, compress kapena kusungunula haidrojeni, sungani, yendetsani mu cell cell kapena turbine... mutha kukwanitsa 30-40% kuyenda ndi kubwerera. Ndizoyipa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mabatire.
Koma mabatire sangasungire ndalama zamphepo ya masika kuti ziziwotcha nthawi yozizira. Hydrogen ikhoza kukhala.
Zomangamanga kulibe. Ndalamazo zimakhalabe zokwera. Electrolyzers ndi makulitsidwe koma osati mofulumira mokwanira. Izi ndi zaka khumi{3}}zaukadaulo wazogwiritsa ntchito zambiri. Mwina zaka makumi awiri.
Ndikunena izi chifukwa kunyalanyaza hydrogen kumayimira molakwika komwe kusungirako mphamvu kukupita.
Funso la Integration
Izi ndi zina zomwe zimasokonekera pofananiza zaukadaulo: mapulojekiti enieni-padziko lonse lapansi amaphatikiza njira zingapo.
Malo opangira data atha kugwiritsa ntchito lithiamu-ion posunga zosunga zobwezeretsera pompopompo, kusungirako matenthedwe posintha katundu watsiku ndi tsiku, ndi majenereta a dizilo (inde, akadali) kuzimitsa kwanthawi yayitali. Chidacho chikhoza kuphatikizira batire ya maola 4 ndi hydro pumped kwa nthawi yayitali.
Machitidwe a Hybrid ndi ovuta kupanga, ovuta kugwira ntchito, komanso ovuta kulemba. Koma nthawi zambiri amaposa{1}}njira zamaukadaulo pazachuma.
Mapulogalamu: The Invisible Layer
Zosankha zonsezi za hardware zimafuna machitidwe olamulira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira.
Makina a batire osakonzedwa bwino amatha kuzungulira mosayenera, kutsika mwachangu kuposa momwe amaganizira. Dongosolo labwino-lomaphunzira bwino za mitengo, nyengo, ndi ma profaili kuti akweze mtengo. Kusiyana kwa ndalama zapachaka kapena kusungirako kungakhale 20-30%.
Mavenda ambiri amati mapulogalamu awo ndi "anzeru" kapena "AI-yamphamvu" (mawuwa akhala opanda tanthauzo chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso). Chofunikira ndichakuti dongosolo limatha:
Yankhani ku-zizindikiro zamitengo yanthawi yeniyeni
Nenani molondola zomwe zikubwera
Gwirizanitsani ndi ma DER ena (zogawika zamphamvu)
Zosintha pakuwonongeka pakapita nthawi
Ndi machitidwe ochepa omwe amachita zonse zinayi bwino.
Kuzindikira Zosankha
Kotero inde, machitidwe osungira mphamvu amaphatikizapo zosankha. Zosankha zambiri. Mwina zochuluka kwambiri kuti wogula m'modzi aliyense aziwunika bwino.
Njira yothandiza:
Zanyumba:lithiamu-ion yolumikizidwa ndi ma solar pazifukwa zomveka. Njira zina mwina sizitsika bwino (mabatire oyenda, mpweya woponderezedwa) kapena zimapatsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana (kusungirako kutentha kumakhala komveka m'nyumba zina koma kumafunikira makina a HVAC).
Zamalonda:kuwerengera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ndalama zofunidwa, nthawi-ya-mitengo, kutenga nawo mbali pamapulogalamu ofunikira, kulimba mtima ... zonsezi zimatheka. Nthawi zina kusungirako ayezi kumaposa mabatire pazachuma. Nthawi zina sizitero. Pezani zolemba zambiri.
Za zothandiza-mulingo:zonse zili patebulo. Pumped hydro, ngati geography ilola. Mabatire aatali-atali 8+ ofunikira. Lifiyamu-yaufupi-ion yanthawi yochepa yowongolera pafupipafupi komanso maola 4 arbitrage. Zowonjezereka, zosakaniza.
Zomwe Zikubwera
Mabatire a sodium-ion tsopano afika popanga malonda. Sangapambane ndi lithiamu-pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, koma atha kupambana pamtengo wake komanso kukhazikika kwa chain chain. Opanga angapo aku China akukulitsa kupanga mwachangu.
Iron-mabatire a air (Form Energy pokhala kampani yapamwamba-yambiri) amalonjeza nthawi ya maola 100-pamtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa umisiri wamakono. Ngati teknoloji ikupereka ntchito yoyendetsa polojekiti, ikhoza kukonzanso msika wosungirako kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kusungirako mphamvu yokoka-pogwiritsa ntchito midadada yolemetsa yokwezedwa ndikutsitsidwa m'miyendo-ikumveka ngati yochokera m'buku la steampunk koma makampani angapo akutsata izi. Mipiringidzo ya konkire ya Energy Vault idapeza chidwi; ena akupanga njira zachinsinsi.
Liquid air energy storage (LAES) ili ndi malo amodzi owonetsera omwe akugwira ntchito ku UK. Lingaliroli limaphatikizapo kukhetsa mpweya panthawi yolipira, ndikuulola kuti ukule ndikuyendetsa ma turbines pakutulutsa. Kuchita bwino ndikocheperako koma ukadaulo umagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsimikizika zamafakitale.
Palibe mwa izi chomwe chidzathetse kulamulira kwa lithiamu-ion muzaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Ena sangakwaniritse kufunika kwamalonda. Koma njira zopangira zosankha ndizozama kuposa kale.
Funso siliri ngati makina osungira mphamvu ali ndi zosankha. Iwo nthawizonse amakhala nawo.
Funso ndilakuti ngati tikuwunika zosankhazo moona mtima kapena kusasintha ku chilichonse chomwe tikudziwa bwino. Yankho, nthawi zambiri, ndilo lomaliza.
Izi zikusintha pang'onopang'ono. Misika imapindulitsa kukhathamiritsa. Ndipo kukhathamiritsa kumafuna kudziwa zomwe zilipo-kudziwa kwenikweni, osati kungogwedeza mutu pamene wina watchula mabatire.