Ndikusintha kosalekeza kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kukula mwachangu kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa,kusungirako mphamvuteknoloji pang'onopang'ono ikukhala chithandizo chofunikira pakusintha mphamvu ndikuyendetsa chitukuko chachuma chamtsogolo.
Chiyambi cha Energy Storage Battery Technology
▲Kusintha mphamvu, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
▲Gulu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zosungirako Zamagetsi
▲Chidule cha Mabatire Osungira Mphamvu
▲Mfundo yogwirira ntchito komanso kapangidwe ka mabatire osungira mphamvu
▲Zizindikiro zamagwiridwe ndi mawu okhudzana ndi mabatire osungira mphamvu
Mphamvu ndiye mphamvu yoyendetsera dziko lapansi komanso chida chachikulu chomwe anthu amadalira pachitukuko. Kuyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito moto koyambirira mpaka magetsi amasiku ano, kutukuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwachitukuko ndikukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chathu chapano.
Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kukula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, ukadaulo wa batri wosungira mphamvu watulukira ndikukhala mzati wofunikira kwambiri pagawo lamagetsi. Mabatire osungira mphamvu amatha kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi pakanthawi kochepa monga mphamvu yamphepo ndi dzuwa ndikuzimasula panthawi yofunikira kwambiri, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwamagetsi. Ukadaulowu ukungochepetsa kudalira mafuta oyambira kale komanso zimapatsa zitsimikizo zofunika kuti munthu azitha kupeza mphamvu zochepera-za carbon ndi mphamvu zosatha.
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa batire yosungira mphamvu, kuchokera kumabatire anthawi zonse-asidi kupita kumabatire amakono a lithiamu-ayoni, ndikupitanso kumabatire amphamvu-amphamvu omwe akutuluka kumene ndi ma ion a sodium-yasodium{3}}akusokoneza nthawi zonse. Mwa kukonza kachulukidwe ka mphamvu, kukulitsa moyo, ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo, mabatire osungira mphamvu awonetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito madera monga kusungirako mphamvu zapanyumba, mayendedwe, ndi kuwongolera grid. Zitha kunenedwa kuti ukadaulo wa batri wosungira mphamvu siwongofunikira pakusintha kwamphamvu kwamakono komanso pachimake cha ma gridi anzeru amtsogolo ndi machitidwe ogawa mphamvu.
Lithium- pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ya batri
▲Kapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito zamabatire a lithiamu-ayoni
▲Lithium-ion batri cathode zipangizo
▲Lithium-ion batri ya anode ya zinthu
▲Lithium-ion batri electrolyte
▲Kupanga ndi kupanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion
Mu 1970, MS Whittingham waku ExxonMobil adapanga batire yoyamba ya lithiamu-ion. Anagwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu disulfide ndi zitsulo za lithiamu monga maelekitirodi abwino ndi oipa, motero. Pa kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa, zitsulo za lithiamu zimadyedwa mosalekeza ndikupangidwa pa electrode yoyipa, pomwe titaniyamu disulfide imalowetsa ndikutulutsa ayoni a lithiamu pa electrode yabwino. Njira ziwirizi zimatha kusinthidwa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa batire, motero kupanga batri yachiwiri ya lithiamu{7}}ionni yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 2V. Mu 1982, RR Agarwal ndi JR Selman a ku Illinois Institute of Technology anapeza kuti ma lithiamu ma ion ali ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana kukhala graphite, njira yomwe imakhala yofulumira komanso yosinthika... chitukuko, ndi chisinthiko. Chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso kothandiza, akulowa m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kuzinthu za 3C monga mafoni a m'manja ndi matabuleti kupita kumadera amagetsi monga magalimoto amagetsi ndi{19}zikuluzikulu zosungiramo mphamvu monga ma photovoltais ndi mphamvu ya mphepo, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wa anthu.
Kodi batire ndi chiyani?
▲ Mbiri Yopanga Battery
▲Chiyambi cha Mabatire a Lithium-ion
▲Zomwe zili ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion
▲Zinthu zazikulu mu mabatire a lithiamu-ion
Batire ndi mtundu wa gwero lamphamvu. Magwero a mphamvu nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magwero amphamvu akuthupi ndi magwero amagetsi. Magwero a mphamvu zakuthupi akuphatikizapo zida zopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa, zida zopangira magetsi a thermoelectric, majenereta otenthetsera ndi amadzi, ndi zina zotero; pamene magwero amphamvu a mankhwala amatchula zipangizo zopangira mphamvu zomwe zingathe kusintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya mankhwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, ndiko kuti, mabatire a mankhwala m'lingaliro lonse, kapena mabatire chabe.
Mabatire asintha m'mibadwo inayi: mabatire a lead{{0}acid, nickel{1}}cadmium mabatire, nickel-metal hydride mabatire, ndi mabatire a lithiamu{3}}ion. Mabatire akuyenda bwino mosalekeza, ndipo kumvetsetsa kwa anthu pamakina a mabatire kwakula. Panopa, mabatire a lithium-ayoni ndi amene amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri-ndi makina a batire othachacha bwino kwambiri, akuimira kafukufuku wapamwamba kwambiri wa batire la anthu ndi ukadaulo.
Kafukufuku ndi Mbiri Yachitukuko ya Lithium Iron Phosphate Materials
▲ Mbiri yachitukuko cha zida za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲Patent mkhalidwe wa lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Maphunziro apangidwe ndi machitidwe a zida za lithiamu iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFeP, LFP, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti lithium iron phosphate kapena lithium iron phosphate) ndi zinthu za cathode zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Amadziwika ndi kusakhalapo kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga cobalt ndi faifi tambala, mitengo yotsika yamtengo wapatali, komanso kuchuluka kwa phosphorous, lithiamu, ndi chitsulo m'nthaka yapadziko lapansi, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa kufunika kwa msika kupitilira matani miliyoni imodzi pachaka. Monga zakuthupi cathode, lithiamu chitsulo mankwala ali zolimbitsa opaleshoni voteji (3.2V), mkulu yeniyeni mphamvu (170mA · h / g), mkulu kutulutsa mphamvu, kudya nawuza mphamvu, moyo wautali mkombero, ndi kukhazikika bwino pansi kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri chilengedwe.
Zida zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲Zofunikira pa Zida Zopangira:;Zosakaniza Zosakaniza;Zida Zowumitsa;Zida Zopangira Sintering,;Zida Zophwanyira; Zida zowonera; Jenereta wa Nayitrogeni; Zida Zoyikamo.
Lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) cathode ikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga batire ya lithiamu-ion, zofunika pa kuyera, gawo, ndi zonyansa zake zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pamene makutidwe ndi okosijeni digiri ya divalent chitsulo LFP kufika 1%, mphamvu yeniyeni akhoza kuchepa ndi oposa 30%. Izi ndichifukwa choti chitsulo chongopangidwa kumene chimavala pamwamba pa LFP, ndikupanga wosanjikiza womwe umalepheretsa zochitika zina zamkati. Ngati LFP yakhala ikutidwa kale ndi okosijeni, njira zochepetsera zotsatizana sizingathe kupereka LFP chifukwa ma lithiamu ion muzinthu zopangira atayika kale.
Kukonzekera kwa zida za lithiamu iron phosphate ndi ferrous oxalate njira
▲ Mfundo ya kaphatikizidwe
▲Main zopangira zopangira
▲ Njira ya kaphatikizidwe
▲Kachitidwe kazinthu zopangira
Njira yopangira lithiamu iron phosphate pogwiritsa ntchito ferrous oxalate ngati zopangira imatchedwa ferrous oxalate njira (kapena njira yachitsulo). Pakalipano, njira ya ferrous oxalate ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China, ndipo oposa theka la opanga pakhomo amagwiritsa ntchito. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi mtengo wotsika wazinthu zopangira, njira yosavuta, komanso kuwongolera kosavuta kwazinthu zopangira.
Kukonzekera kwa zida za lithiamu iron phosphate pochepetsa carbothermal
▲ Mfundo ya kaphatikizidwe
▲Main zopangira zopangira
▲ Njira ya kaphatikizidwe
▲Kachitidwe kazinthu zopangira
Pakati pa opanga omwe amapanga zida za lithiamu iron phosphate (LiFePO4), njira yochepetsera carbothermal pakali pano ndi yachiwiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pambuyo pa njira ya ferrous oxalate. Zake zazikulu zopangira ndi ferric iron (Fe2PO4), kuphatikizapo iron phosphate (Fe2PO4) ndi iron oxide (Fe2O3). Panthawiyi, mpweya (C) ndi carbon monoxide (C2O3) zimachepetsa chitsulo (Fe2PO4) kukhala chitsulo chachitsulo (Fe{13}}), chomwe chimalowa mumtambo wa crystal lattice, kupanga crystal structure ya lithiamu iron phosphate (LiFePO4).
Ubwino wa njira yochepetsera carbothermal ndikuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni azinthu zopangira sikuyenera kuganiziridwa pakukonza; njira zosiyanasiyana zosanganikirana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zopangira kuti zitheke kufalikira komwe kukufunika. Pokhapokha pa kutentha kwakukulu komwe mpweya umachepetsa chitsulo chachitsulo kukhala chitsulo chachitsulo, kupanga lithiamu iron phosphate, motero amatchedwa njira yochepetsera carbothermal. Njira yochepetsera carbothermal imathandiza-kuchepetsa gawo limodzi, imachepetsa kutuluka kwa gasi, ndipo imakhala yopindulitsa pakukulitsa zokolola. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kaphatikizidwe kameneka ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta kulamulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani ambiri azitsatira njira yochepetsera carbothermal.
Kukonzekera kwa hydrothermal kwa lithiamu iron phosphate materials
▲ Mfundo ya kaphatikizidwe
▲Main zopangira zopangira
▲ Njira ya kaphatikizidwe
▲Kachitidwe kazinthu zopangira
Njira ya hydrothermal ndi njira yotsogola kwambiri yokonzekera zida za lithiamu iron phosphate cathode. Mchitidwe wake waukulu umagwiritsa ntchito supercritical hydrothermal system, kusungunula ferrous sulfate, lithium hydroxide, ndi phosphoric acid m'madzi, kutenthetsa yankho mpaka madigiri 100 pamalo otsekedwa kuti apange -kutentha, -kuthamanga kwambiri kwamadzi. Zomwe zimachitika zimapitilira kufalikira kwa ion, ndikupanga tinthu tating'ono ta lithiamu iron phosphate crystal. Zinthu zoyera za lithiamu iron phosphate zimasefedwa, zowumitsidwa, ndi kukutidwa ndi carbon-kuti apange gulu la lithiamu iron phosphate/carbon composite.
Njira zoyeserera ndi kusanthula kwazinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲Kusanthula kwamakina ndi njira zoyesera za zida za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Njira zoyezera katundu wazinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Njira zoyezera magwiridwe antchito a electrochemical pazida za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲Kuwunika Kwamagwiridwe Othandiza a Lithium Iron Phosphate Materials
Pazinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP), kuyesa ndiukadaulo wapakatikati, wofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuwongolera kaphatikizidwe. Popanda deta yolondola komanso yolondola yoyesera, njira zokhazikika sizingapezeke, motero, zinthu zoyenerera za LFP zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito sizingapangidwe. Kuyesa zinthu mosamalitsa ndikofunikira panthawi yonse yopangira, kuyambira pakugula zinthu zopangira ndi kaphatikizidwe mpaka kuwunika komaliza. Choncho, gawo lililonse lofufuza ndi kupanga LFP liyenera kutsindika kwambiri pomanga makina ake oyesera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera mwaukadaulo, njira zoyesera, ndi{4}}oyezetsa ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti kampani ikhalebe ndi udindo pantchitoyi.
Kusanthula kwazinthu zina za lithiamu iron phosphate materials
▲ Electrochemical performance analysis of lithiamu iron phosphate materials
▲ Electron microscopic morphology kusanthula kwa lithiamu iron phosphate materials
▲Pamwamba mphamvu ya lithiamu iron phosphate zipangizo
▲Kuyeza kusungunuka kwachitsulo muzinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Makhalidwe a Spectroscopic a zida za lithiamu iron phosphate
Pakugwiritsa ntchito zida za lithiamu iron phosphate, kuphatikiza pakuyesa kwanthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuyeza zinthu zina kuti zipereke chiwongolero cha kuwunika kwazinthu komanso njira zopangira batire. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa teknoloji, magawo ena omwe poyamba ankangoyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito maselo athunthu tsopano akhoza kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kayendedwe ka zinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate, makamaka kayendesedwe ka mpweya wa kaboni, tsopano zitha kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell opangidwa mwapadera, kufewetsa kwambiri kuyeza.
Ukadaulo wopanga mabatire pogwiritsa ntchito zida za lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Mapangidwe a batire ya lithiamu phosphate phosphate
▲ Lithiamu chitsulo phosphate chuma slurry kukonzekera luso
▲ Kupaka kwa lithiamu iron phosphate slurry
▲Kugudubuza kwa ma electrode a lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Kusintha ndi Kugawikana
▲Zitsanzo zina za kupanga batri
Pa batri iliyonse ya lithiamu-ion, kapangidwe koyambirira ndiye ntchito yofunikira. Ntchito yokonza ikuphatikiza kudziwa momwe batire ya lithiamu-ion imapangidwira. Popeza magwiridwe antchito a batri amatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi ma electrode, kapangidwe ka ma electrode ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga batire. Izi ndizowonanso mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate.
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate
▲ Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate muzipangizo zamagetsi
▲ Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate posungira mphamvu zamagetsi
▲ Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate mu zida zamagetsi
▲ Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) ndi ma cathode a lithiamu-mabatire a ion, ndipo ubwino wake waukulu ndi chitetezo chake chachikulu. Lilinso ndi ubwino kuti lithiamu manganese okusayidi ndi faifi tambala-manganese{3}}cobalt ternary zipangizo alibe, monga moyo wautali cycle, mtengo wotsika, ndi zambiri zopangira. Mabatire a LFP ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika, mphamvu yamagetsi yocheperako, amagwirizana bwino ndi makina a electrolyte, alibe-poizoni, alibe kukumbukira, ndipo samaipitsa chilengedwe. Mphamvu zake zenizeni zimatha kufika 100–130 Wh/kg, zomwe ndi kuwirikiza 0.3–5 kuposa mabatire a lead{{11}asidi ndi kuchulukitsa ka 1.5 kuposa mabatire a faifi tambala{13}}a metal hydride. Chifukwa cha zabwino zake zambiri, imawerengedwa kuti ndi batire yoyenera pamagalimoto amagetsi, kusungirako mphamvu yamphepo ndi dzuwa, komanso mabatire osungira otetezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito kunyumba.
Outlook for Other Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries
▲Lithium vanadium phosphate cathode cathode -
▲Lithiamu manganese phosphate cathode zakuthupi
▲ Lithium chitsulo silicate cathode zakuthupi
▲Zinthu zachitsulo cha lithiamu borate cathode
▲Lithium-zopangidwa ndi cathode zolemera kwambiri
Kupezeka kwa zinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) kunakhazikitsa maziko a sayansi pakugwiritsa ntchito mofala-mabatire a lithiamu{1}}akuluakulu a ayoni.
Monga momwe zimadziwikiratu, chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu{0}}yachikulu nthawi zonse ndivuto lalikulu lomwe likulepheretsa kukula kwamakampani. Ngakhale m'mayiko otukuka omwe ali ndi zinthu zokhazikika komanso zida zamakono zosinthira, chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu{2}} sichingatsimikizidwe mokwanira. Potengera kutsika kwa batire la lithiamu{4}}m'dziko langa, LFP ndiyogwirizana-zogwirizana ndi mmene dziko lathu lilili, ndipo imathandizira kwambiri chitetezo cha batire.