Solar Micro Inverter: Ubwino ndi Ntchito Zabwino Kwambiri

Woyikira dzuŵa ku San Diego anatiuza za 24-makina a padenga amene anayambitsa chaka chatha. Mabatire 12 anayang’ana kum’mwera, eyiti kumadzulo, ndipo anayi ankakhala pansi pa mthunzi wa chumuni kwa maola atatu masana aliwonse. Ndi inverter ya zingwe, mapanelo anayi okhala ndi mithunzi amenewo akadakokera kutulutsa konseko ndi 15-20%. Ndi ma microinverters, mapanelo amithunzi okha ndi omwe sanagwire bwino ntchito - ena makumi awiriwo amagwira ntchito mokwanira. Dongosololi limatulutsa mphamvu zochulukirapo 12% pachaka kuposa momwe ma inverter quote adanenera. Pakuyika kwa $28,000, 12%yo imatanthawuza pafupifupi $400 yochulukirapo pakupulumutsa magetsi chaka chilichonse kwa zaka 25.

Ndilo lingaliro lamtengo wapatali la solar micro inverter: imatembenuza gulu lililonse kukhala choyimira chodziyimira pawokha, chopanda mavuto a oyandikana nawo.

Momwe Solar Micro Inverter Imagwirira Ntchito

Kachipangizo ka solar micro inverter ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono - kamene kamafanana ndi buku la pepala - chokhazikitsidwa kumbuyo kwa solar iliyonse. Imatembenuza magetsi a DC (mwachindunji) opangidwa ndi gulu limodzilo kukhala magetsi a AC (alternating current) nthawi yomweyo, pomwepo.

Mu makina osinthira zingwe azingwe, mapanelo onse amalumikizana palimodzi motsatizana ndikudyetsa zotulutsa zawo za DC ku inverter imodzi yayikulu. Ngati gulu lililonse likuchita mochepera (kupanga mthunzi, dothi, kusagwirizana, kapena chilema), limachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi pa chingwe chonse - monga galimoto yoyenda pang'onopang'ono mumsewu umodzi waukulu womwe ukusungira galimoto iliyonse kumbuyo kwake.

Microinverter imathetsa vutoli. Gulu lirilonse limasintha DC yake kukhala AC palokha. Gulu lokhala ndi mithunzi limataya zotuluka zake koma limakhala ndi zotsatirapo zero pagulu lomwe lili pafupi nalo.

Mphamvu ya AC kuchokera ku microinverter iliyonse imayenda kudzera pa mawaya okhazikika a AC kupita pagawo lamagetsi anu - osakwera-zingwe za DC zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimadutsa padenga lanu, palibe vuto limodzi, komanso Khrisimasi-zowala{3}}pamene gulu limodzi loyipa limapha makina onse.

6 Ubwino Waikulu wa Solar Micro Inverters

1. Kukolola Kwamphamvu Kwambiri M'mikhalidwe Yopanda Ungwiro

Palibe denga lomwe lili bwino. Mitengo imakula, chimneys chimapanga mithunzi, zogona zimapanga matumba amithunzi, ndipo mapanelo pamadenga osiyanasiyana amalandila kuwala kwadzuwa kosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Ma Microinverters amachita pawokha Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) pagawo lililonse, kutulutsa mphamvu yabwino komanso yapano kuchokera mugawo lililonse mosasamala kanthu za zomwe oyandikana nawo akuchita.

Zenizeni-zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi zimatsimikizira izi. Kuyesa kwamakampani kukuwonetsa makina a ma microinverter amatulutsa mphamvu zochulukirapo 5-25% kuposa makina ofananirako azingwe pamadenga okhala ndi mthunzi pang'ono. Ngakhale padenga lopanda mthunzi, kulolerana kwamagulu (± 3-5% kuchokera pazotsatira zovotera) ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kusagwirizana kokwanira komwe ma microinverters amapeza 2-3% pazingwe zosinthira zingwe.

2. Superior Safety - No High-Voltage DC on Your Roof

Makina osinthira zingwe amayendera 300-600V DC kudutsa mawaya anu apadenga. Pakayaka moto kapena mwadzidzidzi, magetsiwo amakhalabe amoyo malinga ngati kuwala kwadzuwa kugunda mapanelo - zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa ozimitsa moto ndi eni nyumba.

Ma Microinverters amagwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika (30-60V DC pagawo) ndikusintha kukhala AC nthawi yomweyo. Dongosolo likazimitsidwa, palibe chosungidwa -voltage DC paliponse padenga. Izi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za NEC 2017/2020 Rapid Shutdown (RSD) popanda kufunikira zida zowonjezera zozimitsa.

⚡ Malangizo Othandizira:Ngati muli m'malo omwe amakakamiza NEC 2020's kutseka-level yotseka mwachangu (voltage iyenera kutsika pansi pa 80V mkati mwa masekondi 30 ndi 1V mkati mwa masekondi 30 pa module), ma microinverter amayenera kutsika mokhazikika. Makina osinthira zingwe amafunikira zida zowonjezera za MLPE (zowonjezera mphamvu kapena zida zozimitsa) kuti zikwaniritse khodi yomweyi - mtengo wowonjezera wa $30–$60 pagawo lililonse lomwe limatseka kusiyana kwamitengo ndi ma microinverter.

3. Gulu{1}}Kuwunika Magawo

Ma microinverter aliwonse amalengeza - voteji, panopa, mphamvu, ndi kupanga mphamvu - ku pulatifomu yowunikira nthawi yeniyeni. Ngati gulu limodzi litsikira 30% pazotulutsa, mumawona gulu liti ndipo mutha kudziwa ngati ndi mthunzi, dothi, cell yosweka, kapena vuto lolumikizira.

Ndi inverter ya zingwe, mukuwona kutulutsa kwa chingwe chonse. Kupanga kukatsika, mukudziwa kuti china chake chalakwika koma osati gulu liti. Kuthetsa mavuto kumafuna kuyendera tsamba ndi zida zoyeserera. Ma string inverter atha kuphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera mphamvu za panel -zowunikira, koma izi zimawonjezera mtengo ndi zovuta.

4. Chitsimikizo Chautali, Kudalirika Bwino

Ma microinverter ambiri amakhala ndi zitsimikizo za zaka 25- - zofanana ndi chitsimikizo cha solar panel. Zosinthira zingwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zitsimikizo zazaka 12-15, kutanthauza kuti mutha kusintha makina osinthira zingwe kamodzi kamodzi pazaka 25 za moyo wanu (mtengo wosinthira: $1,000–$2,500 yoyikidwa).

Deta yodalirika imathandizira izi: kulephera kwa ma microinverter kumayendera pafupifupi 1 mu mayunitsi 800 m'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi 1 mu 350 yama inverters a zingwe. Kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi pagawo lililonse kumatanthauza kupsinjika pang'ono kwa kutentha, komwe kumakhala koyendetsa kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwazinthu zamagetsi.

5. Easy System Kukula

Kuyika mapanelo ku microinverter system ndikosavuta - kukhazikitsa mapanelo atsopano, ikani ma microinverter atsopano, kulumikizana ndi mawaya a AC omwe alipo. Palibe kukonzanso-kupangidwanso kwa ma voltages a chingwe cha DC, palibe malire a inverter yoti mude nkhawa nazo.

Ndi inverter ya zingwe, kuwonjezera mapanelo kumatha kupitilira mphamvu yolowera ya inverter kapena zenera lamagetsi, zomwe zimafuna chosinthira chingwe chatsopano. Izi zimapangitsa ma microinverter kukhala chisankho chabwinoko kwa eni nyumba omwe akufuna kukulitsa - makamaka ngatimachitidwe osungira mphamvukuonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a m'nyumba ndi kufuna mphamvu ya solar pakapita nthawi.

6. Kugwirizana ndi Kusungirako Battery

Makina amakono a solar-plus-storage systems amaphatikiza ma microinverter ndi ma AC-mabatire ophatikizana. Ma microinverters amasintha DC kukhala AC pamlingo wamagulu, ndipo inverter yosiyana ya batri imayang'anira kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa banki ya batri.

Zomangamangazi zimakupatsani kusinthika kwathunthu - simunatsekerezedwa ndi chilengedwe cha wopanga m'modzi ponse pawiri komanso posungira. Kuti mufananize mwatsatanetsatane momwe AC-zophatikizana ndi DC-zomangira zophatikizana zimakhudzira mphamvu zosungira zanu komanso mtengo wake, onani malangizo athu pamomwe machitidwe osungira mphamvu za batri amagwirira ntchito.

Micro Inverter vs. String Inverter: Nambala

Pamene ma inverters a zingwe amapambanabe:Ngati denga lanu lili lopanda mthunzi, kumwera-kumayang'ana kumwera, ndipo mapanelo onse ali pandege imodzi, makina osinthira zingwe amapulumutsa $0.10–$0.20/watt ndi kupanga kofananako. Pa makina 10 kW, izi ndi $1,000–$2,000 posungira patsogolo. Koma chinthu china chosinthira chingwe chosinthira pazaka 12 ($ 1,500 yoyikiratu), ndipo kusiyana kwamitengo ya moyo kumachepera kwambiri.

Mapulogalamu Abwino Kwambiri a Solar Micro Inverters

Denga lanyumba zovuta.Zambiri{{0}madenga a ndege, zogona, zounikira mumlengalenga, machumuni, ndi mitengo yozungulira zonse zimapanga mthunzi pang'ono. Ma Microinverter amachotsa mithunzi-kuwonongeka kokhudzana ndi kupanga ndikukulitsa ROI pagulu lililonse. Uwu ndiye njira yolimba kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ma microinverters komanso pomwe 5-25% yopanga ma inverters a zingwe imatchulidwa kwambiri.

Zosakaniza-zolowera.Mapanelo akummwera, kummawa, ndi kumadzulo kwa denga amalandira kuwala kosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Ma inverter a zingwe okhala ndi mapanelo pamagawo angapo amavutikira kutayika kwa MPPT. Ma Microinverters amayendetsa njira iliyonse payekha.

Njira zazing'ono zapadenga (pansi pa 4 kW).Pa nyumba zokhala ndi solar, denga laling'ono, kapena zoyambira, ma microinverter amapereka pulagi-ndi{1}kusewera mosavuta. Mitundu ina imathandizira kutumiza kwa DIY kudzera pa mapulogalamu a smartphone popanda zida zosinthira akatswiri.

Machitidwe owonjezera.Eni nyumba akukonzekera kuwonjezera EV, pampu yotentha, kapenabatire yosungiramo nyumbaM'tsogolomu atha kuyamba ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono ka microinverter ndikukulitsa gulu-ndi-panel monga mphamvu yamagetsi ikukula.

Chitetezo-zoyika zofunika kwambiri.Sukulu, zipatala, nyumba zozimitsa moto, ndi nyumba zokhala ndi moto wolusa-zofala kwambiri zimapindula ndi kutsekeka kofulumira kwa ma microinverters komanso kusowa kwa mawaya apamwamba a - a DC padenga.

Pamene OSATI Kusankha Ma Micro Inverters

Madenga akuluakulu amalonda opanda mthunzi.Denga lathyathyathya la 100 kW lopanda zotchinga komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wofananira amathandizidwa bwino ndi makina osinthira zingwe. Kusungidwa kwa mtengo ($0.10–$0.20/watts × 100,000 watts=$10,000–$20,000) kumaposa phindu lopangira ma microinverter.

Malo otentha kwambiri.Ma Microinverter amayikidwa kuseri kwa mapanelo padenga - malo otentha kwambiri pamakina. Ngakhale ambiri amakhala ndi IP67 ndipo amagwira ntchito mpaka madigiri 65, kutentha kosalekeza kumathandizira kukalamba kwa capacitor. M'madera achipululu ndi kutentha kwa denga kupitirira madigiri 80, ma inverters a zingwe omwe amaikidwa m'malo amthunzi pansi pa denga akhoza kukhala motalika.

Bajeti-yochepetsa, yosavuta kuyiyika.Ngati muli ndi denga loyang'ana kumwera-lopanda mthunzi bwino komanso mulibe bajeti yolimba, makina osinthira magetsi amatha 97–98% ya mphamvuyo pa 60–70% ya mtengo wa inverter.

Momwe Ma Micro Inverters Amaphatikizidwira ndi Kusungirako Battery

Gawo lomwe likukula mwachangu-pa msika wa solar{1}}kuphatikiza-malo osungira, ndipo ma microinverter amalumikizana mwachilengedwe kudzera pama AC coupling. Topology imagwira ntchito motere:

Solar panel → Microinverters → AC basi → katundu wa nyumba / Gridi / Battery inverter → Battery

Ma microinverter ndi ma inverter a batri amagwira ntchito paokha pa basi ya AC. Ngakhalenso sakakamiza winayo. Mukhoza kusankha mtundu uliwonse wa microinverter ndi batire iliyonse - Enphase microinverters ndi batire ya Polinovel LiFePO4, mwachitsanzo.

Kwa eni nyumba kuwunika ngatikusungirako batire ya mphamvu ya dzuwa kungachepetse ndalama zawo zamagetsi, ma microinverter + AC-mapangidwe a batire ophatikizana amapereka njira yosavuta yowongola: ikani kaye solar, onjezani mabatire pambuyo pake mitengo ya TOU kapena kusintha kwa ma metering kumapangitsa kuti ndalamazo zitheke.

Kuti mumvetsetse mitengo yonse ya makina osungira, kuyika, ndi ROI yanthawi yayitali, onani mwatsatanetsatane zandalama zosungira mphamvu za batri.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ma solar micro inverters amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Ma microinverter ambiri amakhala ndi chitsimikizo kwa zaka 25 ndipo amapangidwira zaka 25–{2}} za moyo wautumiki. Gawo loyamba la kuvala ndi electrolytic capacitor, yomwe imawononga mofulumira pa kutentha kwakukulu. Opanga apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor a kanema kapena derate electrolytic capacitors kwa moyo wautali.

Kodi ndingaphatikize ma inverter ang'onoang'ono ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagulu?

Inde. Ma Microinverter ndi osagwirizana ndi magetsi - amavomereza ma voltages osiyanasiyana a DC ndi ma frequency. Fananizani zomwe ma microinverter akuchulukira kwambiri ku Voc ya panena yanu (open-circuit voltage) ndi Isc (yaifupi-circuit current) pa kutentha kozizira kwambiri, ndipo kuphatikiza mtundu uliwonse kumagwira ntchito.

Kodi ma micro inverters amagwira ntchito panthawi yamagetsi?

Ma microinverter anthawi zonse amazimitsa gridi yazimitsidwa (anti-zoteteza ku zilumba). Komabe, grid-opanga ma microinverter (monga Enphase IQ8 series) atha kupanga ma microgrid apafupi ndi magetsi ofunikira pakazimitsidwa - ndi batire kapena popanda. Kuthekera kumeneku kumakhala kofunikira makamaka pophatikizidwa ndi abatire mphamvu yosungirako dongosolokwa zosunga zobwezeretsera zowonjezera.

Kodi ma micro inverters ndi ofunika mtengo wowonjezera?

Pa madenga amithunzi kapena ovuta, mwamtheradi - chiwongola dzanja cha 5–25% kuphatikizira zaka 25-chitsimikizo chazaka 25 chimapereka ROI yabwinoko pa moyo wanu kuposa zosinthira zingwe zotchipa. Padenga losavuta, losasunthika, nkhani yazachuma ili pafupi, koma chitetezo, kuyang'anira, ndi kukulitsa phindu zimaperekabe phindu. Kutengera mtengo womwe ungakhalepo wa kusintha kwa chingwe chimodzi pazaka 25, ndipo kuchuluka kwa-mitengo-kwa umwini kumachepera kufika ziro muzochitika zambiri.

Mapangidwe a Polinovel amalizidwamachitidwe osungira mphamvu za batriyogwirizana ndi nsanja zonse zazikulu za microinverter kudzera pa AC coupling. Kaya mukuyika makina atsopano oyendera dzuwa-kuphatikiza-chosungirako kapena mukuwonjeza mabatire pa microinverter array yomwe ilipo kale,lumikizanani ndi gulu lathu la engineeringpakuthandizira dongosolo lamapangidwe ndi mitengo yamtengo.