Kumeta kwambiri kumachepetsa mtengo wamagetsi pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi panthawi yolipirira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera mtengo wofunikira. Malo ogulitsa ndi mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi posunga batire, -pakupanga malo, kapena kukonza katundu kuti apewe chindapusa chokwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Ndalama zomwe zimafunidwa zimayimira 30% mpaka 70% ya ngongole zamagetsi pamwezi zamabizinesi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Zolipiritsazi zimawerengeredwa potengera nthawi yayitali kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya mphindi 15 pamalipiro, mosasamala kanthu kuti chiwongola dzanjacho chichitika mwachidule bwanji. Malo opangira makina okwana 4,500 kW kwa mphindi 30 zokha angayambitse ndalama zofunidwa pachaka zopitirira $225,000, poyerekeza ndi $200,000 pa mphamvu ya 4,000 kW nthawi zonse. Kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri kumalepheretsa ma spikes okwera mtengo awa.
Kukhudzika Kwachuma kwa Peak Demand
Zachuma zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zomwe zimafunikira zimachokera ku momwe ma gridi amagetsi amapangidwira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabungwe ofunikira akuyenera kupanga zomangamanga zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu nthawi iliyonse, mofanana ndi misewu yayikulu yomwe imapangidwira mothamanga-maola omwe ali ndi magalimoto osati 4 AM. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma gridi amapereka ndalama izi kwa makasitomala omwe amapanga katundu wapamwamba kwambiri nthawi yomweyo.
M'malo mwake, ndalama zolipirira zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale ndalama zolipirira mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito (zoyezedwa mu ma kilowatt-maola), zimafuna bilu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yofunikira (yoyezedwa ndi ma kilowati). Kusiyanitsa kuli kofunika kwambiri: malo awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofanana pamwezi akhoza kukhala ndi ndalama zosiyana kwambiri ngati wina akukumana ndi kukwera kwakukulu pamene winayo akugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Zenizeni-zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuwonetsa izi. Katswiri wina wa ku Taiwan{{2}wopanga simenti adagwiritsa ntchito makina osungira mphamvu a batire a 3.06 MWh ndipo amapulumutsa $344,000 pachaka pometa kwambiri komanso nthawi{6}ya{7}}yogwiritsa ntchito bwino. Dongosololi limakhala lotsika-nthawi yocheperako usiku ndi kutulutsidwa masana masana, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zolipirira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunika kwambiri popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.
Momwemonso, malo opangira zinthu omwe amafunikira ndalama zolipiridwa pamwezi kupitilira $50,000 adayika batire ya 5 MW / 10 MWh. Malowa achepetsa mitengo imene anthu amafunikira ndi 35%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zoposera $500,000 zosungidwa pachaka ndi zaka zinayi-zobwezera. Izi si zitsanzo zokha. Njira zosungira mphamvu za batri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa mtengo wamagetsi ndi 15% mpaka 30%, pomwe ntchito zina zimapeza ndalama zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira.
Momwe Ogwiritsira Ntchito Gridi Amawerengera Zolipiritsa Izi
Kumvetsetsa njira yolipirira kumawonetsa chifukwa chake kumeta kwambiri kumapereka mtengo wokulirapo. Zida zambiri zimayezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu mphindi 15-zotalikirana ndi nthawi yonse yolipira. Mamita anzeru amawunika momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa katundu pawindo la ola lililonse. Avereji yapamwamba kwambiri imakhala maziko amalipiro ofunikira mweziwo.
Zenera loyezera la mphindi 15-li limabweretsa zovuta komanso mwayi. Kukwera kumodzi komwe kumangotenga mphindi zochepa kumatha kuyika mtengo wanthawi yonse yolipira. M'magulu ena amitengo, chiwongola dzanjacho chimakhudzanso mtengo wa miyezi yotsatira kapena chaka chonse. Malamulo aku Germany, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso yofunikira kwambiri kuti adziwe chindapusa cha grid pachaka pansi pa lamulo la maola 7,000 pamafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi.
Njira yolipirira imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu (mu kW) potengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna ($/kW). Mitengo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi gulu la makasitomala, kuyambira $9 mpaka $15 pa kW m'madera ambiri, ndi misika ina yoposa $20 pa kW. Malo omwe ali ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 900 kW komanso mtengo wa $ 10 / kW amayang'ana $ 9,000 pamitengo yofunikira pamwezi yokha, yosiyana ndi ndalama zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito
Makina osungira mphamvu za batri ndi njira yosinthika kwambiri yometa kwambiri. Makinawa amalipira nthawi yopuma-panthawi yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyotsika kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumakhala kochepa. Panthawi yachitukuko, mabatire amatuluka kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya gridi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malowa akhale ochuluka kwambiri. Makina amakono owongolera mphamvu amawongolera izi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms olosera kuti ayembekezere kuchuluka kwamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosungidwa bwino.
Zofunikira zaukadaulo ndizofunikira. Batire yokwanira bwino iyenera kupereka mphamvu yokwanira (yoyezedwa mu MW) kuti ichepetse kuchuluka komwe kukuyembekezeredwa ndikusunga mphamvu yokwanira (yoyezedwa mu MWh) kuti ipitilize kutulutsa kwanthawi yofunikira. Mafakitale nthawi zambiri amatumiza makina oyambira 125 kW / 250 kWh pazantchito zazing'ono mpaka 5 MW / 10 MWh pazomera zazikulu zopangira.
Pa-kupanga mawebusayiti kumapereka njira ina. Solar photovoltaic systems imapanga magetsi masana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa malo komanso ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri. Zosungirako zophatikiza solar-kuphatikiza-zosungirako zimagwira ntchito bwino, zimasunga ma sola ochulukirapo kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito madzulo kapena kukakhala mitambo pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa itsika koma kufunidwa kwa malo kumakhalabe kwakukulu.
Demand-side management imayang'ana pa zosintha zamachitidwe m'malo mowonjezera zopangira kapena zosungira. Makina oyang'anira mphamvu amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa ku zida zinazake panthawi yamavuto. M'mapulogalamu otchaja magalimoto amagetsi, makina anzeru amawongolera mitengo yolipiritsa kuti apewe{3}magetsi odzaza nthawi imodzi pamasiteshoni angapo. Zopangira zopangira zitha kutsata kuyambika kwa zida kuti zipewe kuwonjezereka kwamagetsi nthawi imodzi.
Njira yabwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri imaphatikiza njira zingapo. Fakitale ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire poyankha mwachangu ku spikes zomwe sizimayembekezereka, ma sola kuti athetse katundu woyambira masana, ndi kuyang'anira katundu wodzitchinjiriza kuti aletse{1}}zida zosafunikira kuti zigwire ntchito pamawindo ovuta kwambiri.
Makampani-Mapulogalamu Enaake
Magawo osiyanasiyana amakumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumeta kwambiri kugwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Malo opangira data amakumana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku ntchito zovuta zamakompyuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Maofesiwa amalipira mitengo yamtengo wapatali nthawi yomwe akufunikira mphamvu zambiri. Kukhazikitsa ma supercapacitor kapena makina a batri amathandizira kusiyanasiyana komwe kumafunikira, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwapakati ndikutsitsa zolipiritsa pamwezi ndi 20% mpaka 30% pakuyika zolembedwa.
Zomera zopanga zokhala ndi makina othamanga kwambiri zimayimira anthu omwe akufuna kumeta kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa kwa zida kumatenga mphamvu kwakanthawi kochepa, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimakweza mtengo wapachaka ngakhale sizichitika pafupipafupi. Fakitale ya simenti yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo ndi mphero mosalekeza imayang'anizana ndi kufunidwa kwakukulu kosalekeza komanso nsonga zapakatikati kuchokera ku zida zothandizira. Kutumiza kwa batire mwaukadaulo pothana ndi nsonga zokha, osati kuchuluka koyambira, kumapereka ndalama zochulukirapo potengera mtengo wadongosolo.
Malo opangira magalimoto amagetsi amapangitsa kuti pakhale mbiri yovuta kwambiri. Ma charger asanu ndi limodzi a 150 kW DC omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi amapanga 900 kW. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kumangokhala mphindi 11 patsiku pa charger, nthawi yachidule yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi imodzi imakhazikitsa zolipira pamwezi. Kumeta kwachulukidwe kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ndandanda yolipirira yoyendetsedwa bwino kapena mabafa a batri kungachepetse mitengoyi ndi $24,000 pachaka poika -charja zisanu ndi imodzi, kutengera mtengo wa $80/kW.
Nyumba zamalonda zokhala ndi katundu wokulirapo wa HVAC zimafunikira kukwera pakatentha kwambiri. Makina otenthetsera mpweya amapeza mphamvu kwambiri masana otentha kwambiri, nthawi yomwe ma gridi amafunikira kwambiri ndipo zida zogwiritsira ntchito zimakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. -kufikira nyumba zoziziritsa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosungidwa kapena kukonza zida mwadongosolo kungachepetse mapindikidwe ofunikirawa.
Zipatala ndi zomangamanga zofunikira zimafuna mphamvu yodalirika yopitilira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yochepetsera ikhale yosatheka. Malowa amadalira kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri posungirako kapena kupanga m'badwo m'malo mowongolera katundu. Ubwino wapawiri apa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse komanso zosunga zobwezeretsera mwadzidzidzi panthawi yasokonekera.
Gridi-Mapindu a Mulingo
Ngakhale mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amatsata kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri kuti apulumutse ndalama, njirayo imapereka phindu lokhazikika la gridi. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma gridi akuyenera kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zopangira ndi njira zotumizira zomwe zikuyenera kufunidwa kwambiri, osati kuchuluka kwa katundu. Makasitomala akuluakulu azamalonda akachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pachimake, zothandizira zimatha kulepheretsa kukweza kwamitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki ogawa amayamikira makamaka kumeta kwambiri m'magawo awo ogwirira ntchito. Kupanga magetsi kwamtundu umodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kumayimira njira yabwino yoyendetsera grid, yomwe imafunikira kuyika kwa mkuwa wocheperako mumizere yamagetsi ndi malo ochepa ogawa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chosinthika chosinthika kuchokera ku mphepo ndi sola chimawonjezera kusakhazikika kwa -kuwongolera mbali.
Kukhazikika kwa gridi kumakhala bwino pamene kufunikira kwakukulu kukuchepa. High munthawi yomweyo katundu zosinthira kupsinjika, mizere yopatsira, ndi mayunitsi opangira. Kusinthasintha kwamagetsi kumachulukirachulukira, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwamphamvu chimawonjezeka pakakwera kwambiri. Kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri kwamakasitomala ambiri kumagwira ntchito bwino ngati kuyankha pakufunika, kuchepetsa zochitika zapakatikati izi popanda kukakamiza kuchepetsedwa kapena kuzimitsidwa.
Kukula kwa chilengedwe kumapitilira kukhazikika kwa gridi. Zothandizira nthawi zambiri zimadalira malo opangira mpweya wachilengedwe kapena mayunitsi akale a malasha kuti akwaniritse kufunika kokulirapo. Majeneretawa amagwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu komanso kutulutsa mpweya wambiri pa kWh kuposa mbewu zodzaza. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikufunika chifukwa chosungirako zinthu komanso kukonza zinthu kumachepetsa kufunika kwa zinthuzi-zochulukirachulukira. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kufalikira kwa kumeta kwambiri kumatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi matani opitilira 100 miliyoni pachaka.
Kusanthula Kwachuma ndi Nthawi Zobwezera
Kuyika ndalama paukadaulo wometa kwambiri kumafuna kusanthula mosamala ndalama. Makina osungira mphamvu za batri amayimira ndalama zoyambira, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi chemistry, mphamvu, ndi zovuta zoyika. Mitengo ya batri ya lithiamu-yomwe ilipo imapangitsa kuti pakhale malonda m'misika yomwe ikufunika $15/kW kapena kupitilira apo, kuphatikiza makasitomala mamiliyoni ambiri m'maboma ambiri.
Kuwerengera zobweza kumadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana: mitengo yomwe ikufunika, kuchuluka kwa ndalama-mpaka{1}}kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu amene amafunidwa, mtengo wa batire, ndi njira zina zopezera ndalama. Malo omwe amalipira $15/kW pochulukirachulukira atha kubweza zaka ziwiri- mpaka zitatu-zaka zambiri. Zochita zokhala ndi ndalama zochulukirapo kapena zotsika mtengo zitha kubweretsa zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mtengo wonse wa umwini umapitilira kupitilira ndalama zoyambira. Mabatire amafunikira kukonzanso kosalekeza, kusinthidwa komaliza, ndi zilolezo zamapulogalamu. Komabe, kutsika kwamitengo ya batri kumakulitsa chuma chaka chilichonse. Pakati pa 2015 ndi 2024, mitengo ya batri ya lithium-ioni yatsika ndi 80%, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mapulojekiti azikhala opindulitsa pazachuma zomwe zikanalephera kusanthula zachuma zaka khumi m'mbuyomo.
Maofesi ambiri amapeza kuti kumeta kwapamwamba kumabweretsa phindu kuposa kuchepetsa mtengo wofunikira. Makina a batri amapereka mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera panthawi yazimitsa, kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yolimba. Amathandizira kutenga nawo gawo pamapulogalamu oyankhira, kupanga ndalama zowonjezera potumiza ku gridi panthawi yazadzidzidzi. Misika ina imapereka ndalama zolipirira zinthu zambiri kapena ndalama zowongolera pafupipafupi kuseri kwa- -zosungirako zokwana mita, ndikusanjikiza mapindu angapo pa chinthu chimodzi.
Zosankha zopezera ndalama zasintha kuti zichepetse zopinga zakutsogolo. Mphamvu-monga-monga-mamodelo a ntchito zimalola mabizinesi kuti ayike makina a batri osagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, akumalipira ndi chindapusa cha pamwezi chomwe chimagwirizana ndi ndalama zomwe zasungidwa. Njirayi imasintha chiwopsezo cha magwiridwe antchito kwa othandizira apadera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kasitomala amapindula nthawi yomweyo kuchokera kumitengo yocheperako.
Malingaliro Aukadaulo
Kuchita bwino kwa peak load kumafunika zambiri kuposa kungoyika mabatire. Makina oyendetsera magetsi amapanga gulu lazanzeru, mosalekeza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni{1}}yomwe ikugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi kulosera nthawi yomwe ziwombankhanga zidzachitike. Makinawa amaphatikiza data yochokera kumagwero angapo: utility smart metres, pa-kupanga masamba, zolosera zanyengo, ndi mbiri yakale.
Ma algorithms apamwamba amakhathamiritsa kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa ndandanda mwachangu. Dongosolo litha kudziwa kuti kupanga nthawi zambiri kumakwera 7 AM mkati mwa sabata, -kutulutsa mabatire pang'ono pang'ono chiwonjezekocho chisanachitike. Mitundu yophunzirira pamakina imazindikira mitundu yodabwitsa yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida kapena kusintha kwamachitidwe komwe kumafunikira kusintha kwadongosolo.
Kuyika kwakuthupi kumapereka malingaliro opitilira kukula kwadongosolo. Kuyika kwa batri kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo. Kuyika m'nyumba kumafuna mpweya wokwanira komanso kuwongolera kutentha, chifukwa mphamvu ya batri imawonongeka pakatentha kwambiri. Ukadaulo wozizira wa kumizidwa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, umakhalabe ndi kutentha koyenera kogwira ntchito pomwe umapereka zopindulitsa kuzimitsa moto. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'malo opangira zinthu okhala ndi zoopsa zina zamoto.
Magetsi amagetsi{{0}ma inverter ndi ma converter olumikiza mabatire ku makina amagetsi amtundu wamagetsi{1}}ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ngati pakufunika kusinthasintha. Nthawi zoyankhira zoyezedwa mu ma milliseconds zimathandiza makina ometa kwambiri kuti azitha kuchitapo kanthu pasanakwane mphindi 15-kuchuluka kofunikira kukwera kwambiri. Kuyankha mwachanguku kumasiyanitsa mayankho a batri ndi njira zomwe sizimayankha pang'onopang'ono monga majenereta a dizilo.
Kuphatikizana ndi zida zomwe zilipo kale kumafuna uinjiniya wamagetsi mosamala. Dongosolo la batri liyenera kulumikizidwa pamlingo woyenerera wamagetsi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kusintha. Zida zodzitchinjiriza zimatsimikizira kulumikizidwa kotetezeka panthawi ya zolakwika. Makina oyang'anira amatsata osati kufunikira kwa malo okha komanso momwe mabatire amakulitsira, kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa, ndi zizindikiro zaumoyo wamakina.
Zowongolera ndi Zomwe Zamsika
Chikhalidwe chowongolera chimakhudza kwambiri chuma chometa kwambiri komanso kukhazikitsidwa. Zothandizira m'magawo osiyanasiyana zimafuna mtengo wosiyana, zomwe zimakhudza malo omwe amapindula kwambiri ndi kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri. Madera ena amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi-zilipiriro zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mitengo ichuluke masana kapena m'nyengo yachisanu m'mawa pamene ma gridi akwera kwambiri. Nthawizi{{4}zokhala-zokwera mtengo kwambiri zimachulukitsa ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito potsata-nthawi zotsika mtengo.
Ndondomeko za Net metering zimagwirizana ndi njira zometa kwambiri, makamaka pazida zomwe zimakhala ndi solar. Ngakhale ma metering a net amalola kugulitsa kutulutsa kowonjezera kwa solar kubwerera ku gridi, mbiriyi imagwira ntchito pamtengo wogula, osati zolipiritsa. Kuletsa kumeneku kumapangitsa makina ophatikizana a solar-kuphatikiza{3}}kuphatikiza{3}}kusungirako kukhala ofunika kwambiri kuposa ma solar okha kwa makasitomala omwe akufunika ndalama zambiri.
Zowongolera zaposachedwa zimalimbikitsa makamaka kumeta kwambiri. Massachusetts idakhazikitsa Clean Peak Standard yofuna kuti katundu wochuluka akwaniritsidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoyera, kuphatikiza mphamvu zongosungidwanso zosungidwa. California's Self-Generation Incentive Programme imapereka kuchotsera kochulukira kwa makina osungira mabatire, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali pakati pa mapulogalamu oyenerera. Ndondomekozi zimazindikira ubwino wapawiri wa kumeta kwapamwamba: kupulumutsa makasitomala ndi kukhazikika kwa grid.
Zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimafunikira zimakhudzidwa ndi olimbikitsa ogula, omwe amatsutsa kuti zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimasintha kubweza ndalama kuchokera ku zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupita ku zomwe zimafunikira poyankha kugulitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa dzuwa. Kaya kukhudzidwa ndi ndalama zomwe zatayika kapena kusintha kovomerezeka kwa mtengo, mitengo yotsika mtengo imapangitsa kuti kumeta kwamitengo kumakhala kofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera mtengo.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutsika kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso ndi mtengo wa batire kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zometa kwambiri pachaka. Msika wapadziko lonse wosungira mphamvu ya batire pazogwiritsa ntchito zometa kwambiri unali wamtengo wapatali $ 1.2 biliyoni mu 2024 ndipo mapulojekiti akukula mpaka $ 2.2 biliyoni pofika 2031, kuwonetsa chiwopsezo cha 8.9% pachaka. Kuwonjezeka uku kukuwonetsa kuzindikira kukulirakulira kwa malingaliro amtengo wapamwamba wometa.
Njira Zothandizira Zothandizira
Zomwe zimaganizira zometa kwambiri ziyenera kuyamba ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za katundu. Zomwe zimafunikira m'mbiri zimawulula nthawi yomwe nsonga zakwera kwambiri, kangati, komanso kukula kwake poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa. Zambiri zamamita anzeru pakapita mphindi 15 zimapereka kuchuluka kofunikira. Kuzindikira ngati nsonga zimachokera ku machitidwe odziwikiratu kapena kuyendetsa njinga mwachisawawa kumatsimikizira njira zoyenera.
Chotsatira ndicho kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zingasungidwe. Chulukitsani kufunikira kwaposachedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa mtengo wofunidwa, kenako yerekezerani kuchepetsa komwe mungafikire. Malo omwe amafunidwa kwambiri ndi 1,000 kW komanso ndalama zokwana $12/kW pakali pano amalipira $12,000 pamwezi pamitengo yofunikira. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa batire mpaka 850 kW kudzera mu batire ya 150 kW kungapulumutse $1,800 pamwezi, kapena $21,600 pachaka. Kuwerengera uku kumakhazikitsa ndalama zochulukirapo zovomerezeka ndi kusungitsa ndalama zokha.
Kukula kwadongosolo kumafuna kulinganiza zinthu zingapo. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu (kW rating) kuyenera kupitilira kuchepetsa komwe mukufuna. Mphamvu ya mphamvu (kWh rating) iyenera kusunga magetsi okwanira kuti apitirize kutulutsa mphamvuyo kwa nthawi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa. Malo omwe ali ndi maola awiri akufunidwa kwambiri amafunikira kusungirako mphamvu zambiri kuposa imodzi yokhala ndi nsonga zamphindi 30, ngakhale onse akuyang'ana kutsitsa kofanana kwa kW.
Kusankha kwa ogulitsa kumaphatikizapo kuwunika osati ma hardware okha, komanso mphamvu zamapulogalamu, mawu a chitsimikizo, zofunikira pakukonza, ndi mbiri yakale. Machitidwe oyang'anira mphamvu amasiyana mosiyanasiyana muukadaulo. Ena amangotulutsa mabatire mphamvu ikadutsa malire omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale. Makina apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms olosera, zolosera zanyengo, ndi kuphunzira pamakina kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito mosalekeza.
Kuyika ndi kuyitanitsa kumaphatikizapo ntchito zamagetsi, zilolezo, mapangano olumikizirana ntchito, ndi kuyesa. Madera ambiri amafunikira akatswiri opanga magetsi kuti akhazikitse batire. Mabungwe nthawi zambiri amalamula maphunziro olumikizirana kuti atsimikizire kuti makinawo sangapange zovuta zamagetsi kapena zoopsa zachitetezo pamaneti awo ogawa.
Kukhathamiritsa kopitilira muyeso kumawonetsa kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito. Kukonzekera koyambirira kungafune kusintha pamene ntchito zikusintha kapena kusintha kwa nyengo. Kukonzekera kwa batri nthawi zonse kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka. Makina owunikira amachenjeza ogwira ntchito pazovuta zomwe zimafunikira kufufuza. Malo omwe amayesa kumeta kwambiri ngati "set and forget" kukhazikitsa nthawi zambiri amapeza ndalama zochepa kuposa zomwe zimasunga kasamalidwe kachangu.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi makina ometa kwambiri amatha kuyankha mwachangu bwanji pama spikes ofunikira?
Makina amakono a batire amayankha mkati mwa ma milliseconds kusinthasintha kwamagetsi, kuwalola kuti alepheretse kuchuluka kwa kufunikira asanalembetse mphindi 15 zolipirira. Pulogalamu yoyang'anira mphamvu imawunikidwa mosalekeza kukokedwa kwa mphamvu ndikuyambitsa kutulutsa madzi asanadutse malire ovuta. Nthawi yoyankhayi ndiyofulumira kwambiri kuposa majenereta a dizilo, omwe amafunikira masekondi 10-30 kuti akwaniritse zotulutsa zonse.
Kodi malo okhala ndi solar panel angapindule ndi kumeta kwambiri?
Malo okhala ndi solar-nthawi zambiri amapindula kwambiri powonjezera kusungirako batire pakumeta kwambiri. Kupanga kwa solar kokha sikungachepetse ndalama zomwe zimafunikira chifukwa kupanga sikumayenderana ndi nthawi yomwe anthu amamwa kwambiri. Mabatire amasunga masana ochuluka opangira solar kuti azitulutsa madzulo kapena kunja kwa mitambo, kukulitsa mtengo kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zilipo kale. Machitidwe ophatikizika nthawi zambiri amapeza 60% mpaka 80% ndalama zambiri kuposa solar yokha.
Chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi mabatire pamene magetsi azimitsidwa?
Makina ambiri a batire amalonda amatha kudzipatula pagululi panthawi yazimitsa ndi kunyamula mphamvu zofunikira kwambiri, kupereka mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera kuwonjezera pakumeta kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera kumadalira kuchuluka kwa batri ndi kuchuluka kwa malo. Dongosolo la 250 kWh lopatsa mphamvu 50 kW ya katundu wovuta limapereka maola asanu osungira. Komabe, mabatire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakumeta kwambiri amatha kutulutsidwa pang'ono ngati zazima, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera zomwe zilipo. Madongosolo atha kukonzedwa kuti asunge ndalama zocheperako pazosungirako.
Kodi makina osungira mabatire amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mabatire a Lithium-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pometa kwambiri amatha zaka 10 mpaka 15 nthawi zonse. Utali wamoyo weniweni umadalira kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuya kwa njinga, kuwongolera kutentha, ndi chemistry ya batri. Kuthamangitsa mwachangu komanso kutulutsa kozama kumathandizira kutsika, pomwe kupalasa njinga mozama kumatalikitsa moyo. Makina ambiri azamalonda amakhala ndi zitsimikizo zotengera zaka 10 kapena kuchuluka kwachandu{7}}kuchotsa, nthawi zambiri 5,000 mpaka 10,000. Akafika kumapeto kwa moyo wometa kwambiri, mabatire nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 70% mpaka 80%, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zina zosafunikira kwambiri.
Kumeta kwapamwamba kwambiri kumayimira njira yolimbikitsira ndalama ku malo aliwonse omwe akukumana ndi ndalama zambiri. Njirayi imachokera ku nyumba zazing'ono zamabizinesi kupita kuzinthu zazikulu zamafakitale, zokhala ndi zolembedwa zobweza zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pakugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Pamene misika yamagetsi ikupita kumayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso mtengo wa batri ukupitilirabe kutsika, kumeta kwamphamvu kwambiri kumasintha kuchoka pakusankha koyenera kupita ku gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi. Kulumikizana kwa zolimbikitsa zachuma, kukhwima kwaukadaulo, ndi kuthandizira pakuwongolera kumapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale njira yokhazikika ya ogwiritsira ntchito zotsika mtengo{3}}zaka khumi zikubwerazi.