Kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsimakamaka imaphatikizapo supercapacitor yosungirako mphamvu ndi superconducting mphamvu yosungirako. Zakale zimasunga mphamvu zamagetsi m'munda wamagetsi, pamene zotsirizirazo zimasunga mphamvu zamagetsi mu mphamvu ya maginito. Kusungirako magetsi kuli ndi ubwino wochulukirachulukira magetsi komanso moyo wa kayendedwe kake, kungathe kuchepetsa kuzima kwa magetsi nthawi yomweyo, kupondereza kutsika kwa -kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mu gridi, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a ma voltage ndi ma frequency.
Supercapacitor mphamvu yosungirako
Ma Supercapacitors, omwe amadziwikanso kuti electrochemical capacitors, ndi zida zosungira mphamvu zomwe zimasunga mphamvu kudzera pakuwunjikana kwa charger pamwamba pa electrode. Makina awo osungira mphamvu amasiyana ndi mabatire achikhalidwe; amasunga mphamvu kudzera mu charger yopangidwa ndi double layer pa electrode-electrolyte interface. Ma Supercapacitor ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirachulukira kwambiri, -nthawi yayitali yozungulira, komanso kuthamanga mwachangu-kutulutsa mphamvu, motero amapeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magalimoto amagetsi, ma braking system, magetsi osungira, komanso kuwongolera pafupipafupi kwa grid. Komabe, mphamvu zamphamvu za ma supercapacitor ndizochepa, zotsika kwambiri kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito{7}}nthawi yochepa,{8}}yanthawi yayitali, yamphamvu kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, ndikupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yazinthu, kachulukidwe kamphamvu ka ma supercapacitor akuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka, potero akukulitsa ntchito zawo pamsika wosungira mphamvu.
Ma Supercapacitor atha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: ma electric double-layer capacitor, Faraday capacitor, ndi hybrid supercapacitor. Magetsi a double double-layer capacitor amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za kaboni ngati maelekitirodi, pomwe cholekanitsa chachaji chimachitikira pamalo olimba-pamadzi opangidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi ma elekitiroliti, ndikupanga gulu lamagetsi lawiri{4}}. Ma capacitor awa amakumana ndi ma adsorption and desorption process panthawi yolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa. Ngakhale ma capacitor amagetsi owirikiza kawiri{7}} ali ndi mphamvu zochulukira kwambiri komanso moyo wautali, mphamvu zake zimakhala zochepa. Pakadali pano, zida izi zakwaniritsa ntchito zamalonda.
Ma capacitor a Faraday amagwiritsa ntchito ma oxides achitsulo kapena ma polima oyendetsa ngati ma elekitirodi, pomwe mphamvu ya adsorption imapangidwa kudzera muzochita za redox pamtunda komanso zigawo zosazama kwambiri zazinthu izi. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu uwu wa capacitor ndi yofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu batri; popatsidwa malo ofanana ndi ma elekitirodi, imatha kupereka kangapo mphamvu yamagetsi owirikiza kawiri{1}}wosanjikiza. Komabe, potengera mphamvu zamphamvu zokwera pompopompo-zomwe zimatuluka komanso moyo wozungulira, ma capacitor a Faraday samagwira ntchito ngati ma electric double{4}}layer capacitor. Kuphatikiza apo, ma capacitor a Faraday amakumananso ndi zovuta monga kukwera mtengo kopanga komanso ukadaulo womwe sunakhwime.
Ma Hybrid supercapacitor amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo komanso moyo wautali. Ngakhale pakali pano ali m'magawo oyambilira a malonda, ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko chamtsogolo.
Superconducting mphamvu yosungirako
Superconducting energy storage ndi teknoloji yosungira mphamvu ya electromagnetic yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma superconductors kuti asunge mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe sizingagwire -zaulere. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imaphatikizapo kupanga mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu kudzera mumtsinje wa superconducting coil, potero kusunga mphamvu, ndikuyimasula kupyolera muzitsulo zamakono zikafunika. Chifukwa ma superconductors alibe kukana kutentha pang'ono, makina osungira mphamvu opitilira muyeso amatha kukhala okwera kwambiri ndikutulutsa mphamvu popanda kutaya mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, superconducting mphamvu yosungirako imakhala ndi nthawi yoyankha mwachangu kwambiri, kukwanitsa kulipira ndikutulutsa mu milliseconds, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuwongolera pompopompo komanso kuwongolera pafupipafupi pamakina amagetsi. Komabe, mtengo wa superconducting mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu ndi wokwera, makamaka wocheperako ndi chitukuko cha zida za superconducting ndi ukadaulo wozizira wa cryogenic. Chifukwa chake, mapulogalamu apano nthawi zambiri amakhazikika m'magawo apadera omwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri{{6}zosunga mphamvu, zazifupi{7}}zakanthawi kochepa, monga kusakhazikika kwa grid ndi zida zankhondo.
Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zopangira ma superconductors zimakhala zotsika-zotentha kwambiri monga Nb-Ti ndi Nb3Sn, ndi -zotentha kwambiri monga Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) ndi Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BCCO). Matenthedwe apamwamba-apamwamba kwambiri amakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa kutentha-kutsika kwambiri, kumachepetsa kuziziritsa komanso kupangitsa kuti makina osungira mphamvu a superconducting akhale othandiza komanso osawononga ndalama zambiri.